{
  "examId": "cpp-easy-v1",
  "title": "C++ Fundamentals - Easy Level",
  "subject": "C++",
  "difficulty": "beginner",
  "durationMinutes": 40,
  "passingScore": 70,
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "basics",
      "title": "C++ Basics & Syntax",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "q1",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "What is the correct file extension for a C++ source file?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": ".c" },
            { "key": "B", "text": ".cpp" },
            { "key": "C", "text": ".cxx" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "Both B and C are correct" }
          ],
          "answer": "D",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q2",
          "type": "true_false",
          "prompt": "In C++, every program must have a main() function.",
          "answer": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q3",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "Which header file is required to use cout in C++?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "#include <stdio.h>" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "#include <iostream>" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "#include <conio.h>" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "#include <stream>" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q4",
          "type": "multiple_choices",
          "prompt": "Which of the following are valid C++ data types? (Select all that apply)",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "int" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "boolean" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "float" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "char" }
          ],
          "answer": ["A", "C", "D"],
          "partialCredit": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 10
        },
        {
          "id": "q5",
          "type": "true_false",
          "prompt": "C++ is case-sensitive, meaning 'Variable' and 'variable' are different identifiers.",
          "answer": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "variables_operators",
      "title": "Variables & Operators",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "q6",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "Which operator is used to assign a value to a variable in C++?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "==" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "=" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "===" },
            { "key": "D", "text": ":=" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q7",
          "type": "multiple_choices",
          "prompt": "Which of the following are arithmetic operators in C++? (Select all that apply)",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "+" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "%" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "&&" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "*" }
          ],
          "answer": ["A", "B", "D"],
          "partialCredit": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 10
        },
        {
          "id": "q8",
          "type": "true_false",
          "prompt": "In C++, you must declare a variable before using it.",
          "answer": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q9",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "What is the result of: 10 % 3 in C++?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "3" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "1" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "3.33" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "0" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "control_flow",
      "title": "Control Flow & Loops",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "q10",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "Which keyword is used for conditional statements in C++?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "when" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "if" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "check" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "condition" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q11",
          "type": "true_false",
          "prompt": "A 'while' loop checks the condition before executing the loop body.",
          "answer": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q12",
          "type": "multiple_choices",
          "prompt": "Which are valid loop types in C++? (Select all that apply)",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "for loop" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "while loop" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "do-while loop" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "repeat-until loop" }
          ],
          "answer": ["A", "B", "C"],
          "partialCredit": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 10
        },
        {
          "id": "q13",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "What does the 'break' statement do in a loop?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "Skips the current iteration" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "Exits the loop completely" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "Pauses the loop" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "Restarts the loop" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "functions_arrays",
      "title": "Functions & Arrays",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "q14",
          "type": "true_false",
          "prompt": "A function in C++ can return only one value.",
          "answer": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q15",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "How do you declare a function that doesn't return any value?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "int functionName()" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "void functionName()" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "null functionName()" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "empty functionName()" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q16",
          "type": "multiple_choices",
          "prompt": "Which statements about arrays in C++ are true? (Select all that apply)",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "Array indices start at 0" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "Arrays have fixed size once declared" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "You can store different data types in the same array" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "Arrays are stored in contiguous memory locations" }
          ],
          "answer": ["A", "B", "D"],
          "partialCredit": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 10
        },
        {
          "id": "q17",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "What is the correct way to declare an integer array of size 5 in C++?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "int arr[5];" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "array int arr[5];" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "int[5] arr;" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "int arr{5};" }
          ],
          "answer": "A",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pointers_basics",
      "title": "Pointers & References Basics",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "q18",
          "type": "true_false",
          "prompt": "A pointer stores the memory address of another variable.",
          "answer": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q19",
          "type": "single_choice",
          "prompt": "Which operator is used to get the address of a variable?",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "*" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "&" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "@" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "#" }
          ],
          "answer": "B",
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 5
        },
        {
          "id": "q20",
          "type": "multiple_choices",
          "prompt": "Which are true about references in C++? (Select all that apply)",
          "choices": [
            { "key": "A", "text": "References must be initialized when declared" },
            { "key": "B", "text": "References can be reassigned to refer to different variables" },
            { "key": "C", "text": "References are aliases for existing variables" },
            { "key": "D", "text": "References cannot be NULL" }
          ],
          "answer": ["A", "C", "D"],
          "partialCredit": true,
          "allowIDK": true,
          "points": 10
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "createdAt": "2025-10-21T12:00:00Z",
    "createdBy": "system",
    "tags": ["cpp", "c++", "fundamentals", "beginner", "auto-graded"],
    "description": "Comprehensive C++ fundamentals exam covering basics, variables, operators, control flow, functions, arrays, and pointer basics."
  }
}